Artificial Intelligence – A Brief History
I´m back! With so much hype about
Artificial Intelligence, it was impossible not to hop on this Revolution! So let’s
start with a historical perspective. Artificial Intelligence is “the ability
of a digital computer or
computer-controlled robot to
perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is
frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes
characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning,
generalize, or learn from past experience”. So basically it´s a machine acting
and thinking like a human! And even though it became mainstream in 2022 with
the launch of Chat GPT, it has been around since the 1950s.
1950s – Alan Turing envisioned a
machine that could be coded to perform one task, but could eventually develop
to tasks it was originally not designed for. He published a paper titled
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" where he referred to a machine
showing human-like intelligence.
The Turing Test, initially called
the imitation game, refers to a test to determine whether a machine can exhibit
intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. If the tester cannot
notice that who is responding to his queries is a machine and not the human,
then the machine passed the test and is deemed “intelligent”. In 1956, the term
“Artificial Intelligence” is coined by John McCarthy at the Dartmouth
Conference.
1960s and 1970s – This period was
called “the AI Winter”. AI didn´t generate much interest and it was difficult
to get funding for research. However, in 1961 “Unimate” the first industrial
robot came into play at General Motors; and in 1964 the first chatbot “Eliza”
emerged at MIT. Some feats of this period include machines solving algebra and
word problems, proving theorems in geometry and learning to speak English.
1980s and 1990s – they are marked
by the appearance of neural networks, which mimic how the brain behaves. Expert
systems, which mirror human decision making process in specific domains, brought
back the interest to investments in research and development. In 1997, Deep
Blue beat chess world champion Garry Kasparov, giving rise to the era of “man
vs machine”.
2000s – With the growth of the
internet and gains in computer processing, AI gained new heights. Machine learning
is applied to resolve strong mathematical and statistical problems. In 2006, The
godfather of AI Geoffrey Hilton published a paper referring to Deep Learning, a
neural network technique inspired by the human brain.
2010s – The rise of Big Data appears as a supplier of rich resources for AI. In 2012, Jeff Dean and Andrew
Ng publish “Building High Level Features Using Large Scale Unsupervised
Learning”, developing a system using deep neural networks which can recognize
cats! In 2017, Google Brain introduces Transformers. In 2018, Open AI launches
GPT1 utilizing transformers to build Large Language Models
2020s – Open AI introduces a
user-friendly interface to it´s GPT launching version 3.5 and making Generative
AI available to the general public. AI skyrockets attracting investments and
becoming mainstream.
So, I have provided you with a short
brief history of the developments that have led to the unique moment we stand
upon now: the AI revolution. As I mentioned in an earlier article Artificial
Intelligence is one of the main industries of Revolution 4.0. And even though
building an LLM from scratch might require high investment and capital
expenditures, launching an AI-powered start up is easier than ever! The whole purpose
of these writings is to encourage you to lead this revolution which will add
trillions of dollars to the global economy! What will be in store for us in the
next decade? Is the Knowledge Economy giving room to an AI-driven future? Stay tuned for more to come!
NOTE: This article was 100% human generated!
What Is the
Turing Test? Definition, Examples, and More | Coursera
AI
History Timeline: From Codebreakers to ChatGPT (1940s–2025)
History
of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia
(592)
A Brief History of AI - YouTube
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